Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine
Article Title: Tumor-derived progranulin promotes macrophage cholesterol efflux and associated immunosuppressive features in oral squamous cell carcinoma
doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-08422-5
Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor-derived PGRN regulates macrophage cholesterol efflux through the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 axis. A-B. mRNA ( A ) and protein ( B ) expression levels of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 in THP-1 macrophages cultured with HIOEC-CM or CAL27-CM. C-D. Suppression of these cholesterol efflux regulators in macrophages cultured with shPGRN-CAL27-CM compared with shNC-CAL27-CM. E-F. Effects of the PGRN-SORT1 interaction inhibitor (HY-115213, 2 µM) on CAL27-CM-induced activation of the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 axis. G-H. Restoration of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1 expression in PGRN-deficient systems (shPGRN-CAL27-CM) following PPARγ activation with rosiglitazone (RSG). I-J. Intracellular and extracellular cholesterol levels in THP-1 ( I ) and RAW264.7 ( J ) macrophages cultured with shPGRN-CAL27-CM, with or without RSG treatment. K. Filipin III staining of RAW264.7 macrophages showing intracellular cholesterol changes under the same conditions, with corresponding semi-quantitative MFI analysis. Representative images are shown at 200× (upper panels) and 400× (lower panels) magnification. Quantitative data are from n = 3 independent experiments per group unless otherwise indicated; panels I and J: n = 4 per group. Panel K MFI was quantified from six randomly selected fields per condition. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001; ns, not significant
Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked and then incubated with primary antibodies against PGRN (1:500, 10826-RP03, Sino Biological, Beijing, China), ABCA1 (1:1000, #96292, Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), ABCG1 (1:1000, A17907, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), SR-B1 (1:800, A0827, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), PPARγ (1:2500, 16643-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), LXRα (1:5000, 14351-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and GAPDH (1:20,000, 10494-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China).
Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Cell Culture, Activation Assay, Staining